To our knowledge, this is the first report to show the causal role of X. No symptoms were observed on the control plants, and bacterial isolation from the control plants was also negative. fastidiosa, and the bacterium was reisolated from symptomatic leaves as described above. Approximately 3 months after inoculation, chlorotic mottling along the edges of leaves was observed in the oleanders inoculated with X. Three healthy red oleanders were inoculated with periwinkle wilt liquid medium for controls. The cut area was wrapped with Parafilm after inoculation, and the plants were kept at 29☌ in a greenhouse. fastidiosa suspension (108–9 cells per ml). fastidiosa bacteria isolated from the variety Lane Taylor Sealy were used to inoculate three red oleander plants by making an 8-cm-long vertical cut into the stem and then in 15 locations injecting approximately 15 μl of a X.
Other ELISA-positive samples were obtained from symptomatic oleanders from Austin, San Antonio, and El Campo, TX. Symptomatic samples of Petite Salmon, one pink variety and one red variety obtained from a residential area west of Galveston, and a red oleander in Harlingen, TX, also tested positive with MEIF. fastidiosa was also done on three of the symptomatic varieties and one asymptomatic variety obtained from Moody Gardens, and fluorescing bacteria were found only in the three symptomatic varieties. Membrane entrapment immunofluorescence (MEIF) (1) using the antibody CREC 26 to X. ELISA tests and bacterial isolations from the symptomless Shari D and Sugarland varieties were negative.
fastidiosa using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (2). fastidiosa were isolated from all eight symptomatic varieties 10 to 15 days after incubation at 28☌. All symptomatic varieties reacted positively in ELISA, and colonies characteristic of X. fastidiosa using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bacterial isolation according to the methods of Huang and Sherald (2). All samples were tested for the presence of X. Runge, Scarlet Beauty, and Petite Salmon, as well as symptomless varieties, Turner's Shari D and Sugarland from Moody Gardens in Galveston, Texas were sampled. The symptomatic varieties Calypso, Commandant Barthelemy, Lane Taylor Sealy, Little Red, Mrs. In June 2002, leaf scorch symptoms including chlorotic mottling of leaves, necrosis on leaf tips or whole leaves, defoliation, and shortened internodes were observed in oleander plants at various locations in Texas, including Galveston, Harlingen, Austin, San Antonio, and El Campo. Bacterial leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa has been reported on oleander in California (3) and Florida (4).
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